Young, Gifted, Black . . . and Country:

A Community Situated Approach to Analyzing Black, Rural Giftedness in Contemporary Nonfiction Children’s Literature

Authors

  • Jennifer Gallagher East Carolina University
  • Melissa Wrenn East Carolina University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3776/tpre.2020.v10n2p46-62

Keywords:

gifted Black students in non-fiction literature, rural Black youth in non-fiction literature

Abstract

This article shares findings from a critical content analysis of five contemporary nonfiction children’s books. Each book centers on a gifted Black historical figure who spent at least part of their childhood in a rural setting. The analysis, using a funds-of-knowledge and community-cultural-wealth approach, revealed the situated nature of the child’s giftedness, including intersectional oppression they faced, various ways they enacted giftedness within their rural setting, and a reciprocal relationship with their community. In each book, the youth’s giftedness was supported by the community but also positively impacted the community.

Author Biographies

Jennifer Gallagher, East Carolina University

Jennifer Gallagher, PhD, is  an Assistant Professor in the Department of Elementary and Middle Grades Education, College of Education at East Carolina University. Before earning her PhD from Iowa State University, she was a middle grades social studies teacher in Colorado Springs, CO. Her work on social studies and social justice education has been presented and published in state, national and international outlets.

Melissa Wrenn, East Carolina University

Melissa Wrenn, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Elementary Education and Middle Grades Education at East Carolina University. Her research areas of interest include classroom discourse, disciplinary literacy, and teacher preparation. She has recently published work in the Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy and will soon be featured in the Journal of Ethnographic and Qualitative Research.

References

Anzaldúa, G. (1987). Borderlands/la frontera. Aunt Lute Books.

Bell, D. A. (1995). Who’s afraid of critical race theory. University of Illinois Law Review, 1995(4), 893–910.

Berridge, C. (1981). Taking a good look at picture books. Signal, 36, 152–158. https://search.proquest.com/docview/1312022528?accountid=10639

Bishop, R. S. (1990). Mirrors, windows, and sliding glass doors. Perspectives, 6(3), ix–xi.

Bradford, C. (2016). The critical reading of children’s texts: Theories, methodologies, and critiques. In H. Johnson, J. Mathis, & K. G. Short (Eds.), Critical content analysis of children’s and young adult literature: Reframing perspective (pp. 26–37). Routledge.

Brashears, K. (2012). Appalachian picturebooks, read-alouds, and teacher-led discussion: Combating stereotypes associated with the Appalachian region. Childhood Education, 88(1), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2012.643714

Chick, K. A. (2003). Confronting the stereotypes of Appalachia. Social Studies and the Young Learner, 16(1), 26–30.

Cloke, P. (2006). Conceptualizing rurality. In P. Cloke, T. Marsden, & P. Mooney (Eds.), Handbook of rural studies (pp. 18–28). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848608016.n2

Cooperative Children’s Book Center. (2019). Publishing statistics on children’s book about people of color and First/Native Nations and by people of color and First/Native Nations authors and illustrators. Author. http://ccbc.education.wisc.edu/books/pcstats.asp

Council of Chief State School Officers & National Governors Association. (2010). Common core state standards for English language arts and literacy in history/social studies, science, and technical subjects. Author.

Crenshaw, K. (1990). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43, 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039

Cromartie, J., & Bucholtz, S. (2008, June 1). Defining the” rural” in rural America. Amber Waves. https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2008/june/defining-the-rural-in-rural-america/

Cross, T. L. (2005). Nerds and geeks: Society’s evolving stereotypes of our students with gifts and talents. Gifted Child Today, 28(4), 26–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/107621750502800406

Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory: An introduction (3rd ed.). NYU Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1ggjjn3

Duke, N. K. (2000). 3.6 minutes per day: The scarcity of informational texts in first grade. Reading Research Quarterly, 35(2), 202–224. https://doi.org/10.1598/RRQ.35.2.1

Ford, D. Y., Tyson, C. A., Howard, T. C., & Harris III, J. J. (2000). Multicultural literature and gifted Black students: Promoting self‐understanding, awareness, and pride. Roeper Review, 22(4), 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783190009554045

Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Continuum. (Original work published 1970)

Gentry, M., Gray, A., Whiting, G. W., Maeda, Y., & Pereira, N. (2019). System failure: Access denied. Urgent! Systemic change required. Gifted education in the United States: Laws, access, equity, and missingness across the country by locale, Title I school status, and race. Purdue University. https://www.dropbox.com/s/d6u13umiv7a8i6y/Access%20Denied%20Executive%20Summary.pdf

Gilton, D. L. (2020). Multicultural and ethnic children’s literature in the United States. Scarecrow Press.

González, N., Moll, L. C., & Amanti, C. (2006). Funds of knowledge: Theorizing practices in households, communities, and classrooms. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410613462

Gorski, P. C., & Swalwell, K. (2015). Equity literacy for all. Educational Leadership, 72(6), 34–40.

Gottesman, I. (2016). The critical turn in education: From Marxist critique to poststructuralist feminism to critical theories of race. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315769967

Graff, J. M., & Shimek, C. (2020). Revisiting reader response: Contemporary nonfiction children’s literature as remixes. Language Arts, 97(4), 223–234.

Halsted, J. W. (2009). Some of my best friends are books: Guiding gifted readers from preschool to high school. Great Potential Press.

Harris, V. J. (1990). African American children’s literature: The first one hundred years. Journal of Negro Education, 59(4), 540–555. https://doi.org/10.2307/2295311

Henshon, S. E. (2020). Leading the way toward the future: An interview with Marcia Gentry. Roeper Review, 42(2), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783193.2020.1732970

Hernández-Torrano, D. (2018). Urban–rural excellence gaps: Features, factors, and implications. Roeper Review, 40(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783193.2018.1393610

Howley, A., Rhodes, M., & Beall, J. (2009). Challenges facing rural schools: Implications for gifted students. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 32(4), 515–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235320903200404

Johnson, H., Mathis, J., & Short, K. G. (Eds.). (2016). Critical content analysis of children’s and young adult literature: Reframing perspective. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315651927

Jones, J. K., & Hébert, T. P. (2012). Engaging diverse gifted learners in US history classrooms. Gifted Child Today, 35(4), 252–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076217512455476

Katz, C. (1996). Towards minor theory. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 14(4), 487–499. https://doi.org/10.1068/d140487

Kendi, I. X. (2019). How to be an antiracist. One World/Ballantine.

Kingsolver, A. (2017). Practical resources for critical science education in rural Appalachia. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 12(1), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-016-9755-3

Koss, M. D. (2015). Diversity in contemporary picturebooks: A content analysis. Journal of Children’s Literature, 41(1), 32–42. (EJ1062015). ERIC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1062015

Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage.

Kustatscher, M. (2017). The emotional geographies of belonging: Children’s intersectional identities in primary school. Children’s Geographies, 15(1), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2016.1252829

Larrick, N. (1965). The all-White world of children’s books. Journal of African Children’s and Youth Literature, 3(5), 1–10.

Lewis, K. D., & Novak, A. M. (2019). Identifying and supporting culturally, linguistically and economically diverse gifted learners: Guiding teachers through the four zones of professional learning. In A .M. Novak & C. L. Weber (Eds.), Best practices in professional learning and teacher preparation: Special topics for gifted professional development (Vol. 2, pp. 133–158). Prufrock Press.

Lewis, K. D., Novak, A. M., & Weber, C. L. (2018). Where are the gifted students of color? Learning Professional, 39(4), 50–58.

Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.

Neal, S., & Walters, S. (2008). Rural be/longing and rural social organizations: Conviviality and community-making in the English countryside. Sociology, 42(2), 279–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038507087354

Omi, M., & Winant, H. (2014). Racial formation in the United States. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203076804

Pendarvis, E., & Wood, E. W. (2009). Eligibility of historically underrepresented students referred for gifted education in a rural school district: A case study. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 32(4), 495–514. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235320903200403

Reis, S. M., & Renzulli, J. S. (2010). Is there still a need for gifted education? An examination of current research. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(4), 308–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2009.10.012

Renzulli, J. S. (1977). The enrichment triad model: A plan for developing defensible programs for the gifted and talented. Gifted Child Quarterly, 21(2), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/001698627702100216

Renzulli, J. S. (1978). What makes giftedness? Reexamining a definition. Phi Delta Kappan, 60(3), 180–184, 261. (EJ190430). ERIC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ190430

Renzulli, J. S. (1999). What is this thing called giftedness, and how do we develop it? A twenty-five year perspective. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 23(1), 3–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235329902300102

Renzulli, J. S., & D’Souza, S. (2014). Intelligences outside the normal curve: Co-cognitive factors that contribute to the creation of social capital and leadership skills in young people. In J. A. Plucker & C. M. Callahan (Eds.), Critical issues and practices in gifted education: What the research says (pp. 343–362). Prufrock Press.

Renzulli, J. S., & Reis, S. M. (1997). The schoolwide enrichment model: A how-to guide for educational excellence. Creative Learning Press.

Rosenblatt, L. M. (1994). The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional theory of the literary work. SIU Press. (Original work published 1978)

Rural Policy Research Institute. (2020). About RUPRI™. http://www.rupri.org/about-rupri/

Saldaña, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). Sage.

Schlichter, C. L., & Burke, M. (1994). Using books to nurture the social and emotional development of gifted students. Roeper Review, 16(4), 280–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783199409553598

Short, K. G. (2016). Critical content analysis as a research methodology. In H. Johnson, J. Mathis, & K. G. Short (Eds.), Critical content analysis of children’s and young adult literature: Reframing perspective (pp. 1–15). Routledge.

Stambaugh, T., & Wood, S. M. (2016). Serving gifted students in rural settings [PowerPoint slides]. National Association for Gifted Children. https://www.nagc.org/sites/default/files/WebinarPowerPoints/Serving Gifted Students in Rural Settings.pdf

Syed, M. (2010). Bounce: The myth of talent and the power of practice. Harper Collins.

University of Connecticut. (2013). The National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented (1990–2013). Renzulli Center for Creativity, Gifted Education, and Talent Development. https://nrcgt.uconn.edu/

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes (M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Trans.). Harvard University Press.

Wright, B. L., Ford, D. Y., & Young, J. L. (2017). Ignorance or indifference? Seeking excellence and equity for under-represented students of color in gifted education. Global Education Review, 4(1), 45–60.

Yosso, T. J. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 69–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332052000341006

Barretta, G. (2020). The secret garden of George Washington Carver (F. Morrison, Illus.). Katherine Tegen.

Brière-Haquet, A. (2017). Nina: Jazz legend and civil-rights activist Nina Simone (B. Liance, Illus.). Charlesbridge.

Hopkinson, D. (2019). Carter reads the newspaper (D. Tate, Illus.). Peachtree.

Tate, D. (2015). Poet: The remarkable story of George Moses Horton. Peachtree.

Weatherford, C. B. (2008). Before John was a jazz giant: A song of John Coltrane (S. Qualls, Illus.). Henry Holt.

Published

2020-10-30

How to Cite

Gallagher, J., & Wrenn, M. (2020). Young, Gifted, Black . . . and Country: : A Community Situated Approach to Analyzing Black, Rural Giftedness in Contemporary Nonfiction Children’s Literature. Theory & Practice in Rural Education, 10(2), 46–62. https://doi.org/10.3776/tpre.2020.v10n2p46-62